While deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a serious condition that can lead to even more complex complications, there are known signs to be aware of and many options to decrease a person’s risk. If deep vein thrombosis is a concern, there are several ways to diagnose and treat the blood clot that may be deep in the veins.
How is DVT diagnosed?
After a physical exam, a doctor may order the following tests to check for deep vein thrombosis:
- D-dimer: D-dimer levels are elevated in DVTs and their levels can be checked for with blood tests. These are protein fragments released from clot breakdown. Though not specific for DVT, if a patient presents with classic symptoms and has elevated D-dimers, DVT is highly likely.
- Duplex Ultrasound: A non-invasive technique, sound waves are used to reflect back an image displaying the blood flow that may show the blockage.
- Venography: A dye is injected into the bloodstream near the suspected clot site so that veins will appear better in the x-ray.
- CT or MRI: Two other possible imaging options to find the clot.
Can DVT be treated?
Yes! Treatment for deep vein thrombosis is aimed at keeping the clot as small as possible and preventing new clots from developing. In many cases, patients are put on blood thinners and instructed to wear compression stockings (socks that go to or above the knee). The body will eventually break down the thrombus on its own.
If the above does not work well, more invasive treatment options are available. A filter (link to inferior Vena Cava Filter procedure page) may be placed in the vena cava, the main vein that returns blood from the lower body to the heart, to catch clots and clot fragments before they reach the lungs. If there is significant leg swelling, the clots can be dissolved/removed through a small catheter. Chronic DVT can also be treated successfully, particularly if it is resulting in significant leg swelling and skin break down. Our Vascular and Interventional radiologists are experts in treatment and intervention of these conditions.
While DVT can be a serious condition, once diagnosed there are treatment options available and many options to decrease a person’s risk. Lack of treatment or undertreatment can lead to long-term swelling and discomfort of the limb.
Be proactive about your health. Pay attention to any changes you see or feel. If you notice a change, tell your health care provider.
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